principal agent

Some states exempt charities from liability for damages caused by their servants. Florida does not. Nicholson v. Good Samaritan Hospital, 199 So. 344 (Fla. 1940). This is consistent with the legal doctrine known as respondeat superior, which holds employers liable for the negligent or purposeful acts of their employees. See Valeo v. East Coast Furniture Co., 95 So. 3d 921, 925 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (negligence of employee imputed to employer when employee “committed the negligent act: (1) within the scope of employment, or (2) during the course of employment and to further a purpose or interest of the employer.”). This liability, also known as vicarious liability, applies even if the employer has done nothing wrong.

Most jurisdictions, either by state or federal law, exempt volunteers from all liability for injuries caused by negligence. This is an exception to the general rule that employees are liable for their negligence.

Congress enacted the “Volunteer Protection Act of 1997”

“to promote the interests of social service program beneficiaries and taxpayers and to sustain the availability of programs, nonprofit organizations, and governmental entities that depend on volunteer contributions by reforming the laws to provide certain protections from liability abuses related to volunteers serving nonprofit organizations and governmental entities.”

42 USC 14501 Sec. 2(b)

The Act preempts state law unless the state law provides greater protections to volunteers. Interestingly, it also authorizes states to enact laws under certain prescribed circumstances allowing civil suits against volunteers. Section 3(b).

Under the legal doctrine of respondeat superior, employers can be held liable for the negligent or purposeful acts of their employees. See Valeo v. East Coast Furniture Co., 95 So. 3d 921, 925 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (holding negligence of employee imputed to employer when employee “committed the negligent act: (1) within the scope of employment, or (2) during the course of employment and to further a purpose or interest of the employer.”). This liability, known as vicarious liability, applies even if the employer has done nothing wrong.

In some instances, the employer’s own negligence is part of the causal chain resulting in the harm. For example, a few years ago our client was severely beaten in his home by a furniture deliveryman who became annoyed by the strong smell of fish being cooked in the home. We learned that the deliveryman had a criminal record of violent activity before he was hired and a history of physical misconduct while employed. He should not have been hired or retained for a job putting him in one-on-one unsupervised contact with customers.

Negligent hiring and employment have long been found to be legitimate bases of recovery in Florida. See, e.g., Mallory v. O’Neil, 69 So.2d 313 (Fla. 1954); McArthur Jersey Farm Dairy, Inc. v. Burke, 240 So.2d 198 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970).

Similarly, certain employees should not be entrusted with operating motor vehicles. The reasons range from being a known reckless driver to mental impairment from a medical condition or alcohol or drug use. The theory of negligent entrustment has long been utilized in an automobile situation as the basis of recovery. See, e.g., Bould v. Touchette, 349 So.2d 1181 (Fla. 1977); Wright Fruit Co. v. Morrison, 309 So.2d 54 (Fla.2d DCA 1975).

Articles Tagged with principal agent

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Florida’s Illusory Volunteer Protection Act

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Interplay Between Vicarious Liability and Negligent Hiring, Employment, and Entrustment Cases