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people.jpgSuccess for the victim of a premises liability accident requires that he or she prove the defendant knew or should have known beforehand of the existence of the dangerous condition which caused the accident, and that the accident was foreseeable.

One of the most effective ways of establishing these elements is through similar prior accidents.

Most business establishments prepare incident reports following accidents. The reports contain accident details along with the victim’s name and contact information.

Once a lawsuit is filed, the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure allow the parties to obtain case relevant information, also known as discovery, from each other and non-parties. Subpoenas, depositions, and document requests are the common methods of obtaining information.

Typically, the prior incident reports themselves are not discoverable based on the privilege doctrine of being prepared in anticipation of litigation. However, defendants must provide detailed information about prior accidents, including victim names and contact information, date and location of incidents, and some description of what occurred. Publix Supermarkets, Inc. v. Martin, 739 So.2d 174 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999).
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cemetery1.jpgRead together, Florida Statute Section 95.11(4)(d) and Section 95.031(1) provide that an action for wrongful death, under Section 768.21 (known as Florida’s Wrongful Death Act), must be commenced within two (2) years of when the last element constituting the cause of action occurs. This is a strict standard that does not take into account the “delayed discovery” doctrine.

The “delayed discovery” doctrine tolls the statute of limitations until the plaintiff either knows or should know that the last element of the cause of action occurred. The only type of wrongful death action to which the doctrine applies and thus tolls the statute of limitations is one arising from medical negligence. See Section 95.11(4)(b). No other type of wrongful death claim is so tolled.

For example, in Raie v. Cheminova, Inc., 336 F. 3d 1278 – Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit 2003, a wrongful death claim based on products liability was barred even though the Personal Representative did not learn of the cause of death until four years after the decedent’s death.

Although not pertinent to wrongful death claims, the other types of actions to which the doctrine applies are:

  • Claims of fraud.
  • Products liability claims that result in injury but not death.
  • Professional malpractice (95.11(4)(a))
  • Intentional torts based on abuse (95.11(7)).

See Davis v. Monahan, 832 So.2d 708 (Fla., 2002).
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Flame.jpgFamed products liability expert and author (Foreseeable Risk) Tom Taormina was interviewed on April 12, 2012 on WLRN public radio by Topical Currents host Joseph Cooper. The conversation centered on the dangers of everyday household electrical appliances such as toasters and microwaves, but his account of an artificial lighted Christmas tree that caused the death of four people is eye opening.

The 15 minute interview (listen here) will be enlightening to people who question the importance of having a vigorous civil justice system to punish manufacturers who produce dangerous products. According to Mr. Taormina, some manufacturers allow a dangerously high failure rate and the resulting lawsuits as the cost of doing business, rather than make their products safer at a greater cost.
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drunk.jpgPIP (Personal Injury Protection) and health insurance will cover most motor vehicle-related medical expenses. However, these insurance policies are subject to deductibles and copays, leaving insureds with out-of-pocket medical expenses even under the best circumstances. An exception applies when the insured is a victim of a DUI crash.

The exception is contained in Florida Statute Section 624.128:

Crime victims exemption.–Any other provision of the Florida Statutes to the contrary notwithstanding, the deductible or copayment provision of any insurance policy shall not be applicable to a person determined eligible pursuant to the Florida Crimes Compensation Act, excluding s. 960.28.

The DUI crash victim must apply for crime compensation with and be found eligible by the Office of the Attorney General, Division of Victim Services. (Here is a link to the Victim Compensation Claim Form.) A victim found eligible will be notified by the Office of the Attorney General. The victim should then present the notice of eligibility to the appropriate insurance companies to obtain the waiver.
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greed.jpgIn March, I blogged about Florida’s new PIP law that had been approved by the Florida Legislature on March 9, 2012. (New Florida PIP Law (Effective 1/1/13) Hammers Consumers.) I believe that many aspects of the law are anti-consumer, however, I limited my blog conversation to an issue concerning medical benefits.

Another aspect of which I disapprove concerns the award of attorney fees to insureds’ attorneys when carriers wrongly deny benefits, in other words, breach the insurance contract. The new law sharply limits the fees.

One of the most powerful tools insureds have to force carriers to honor contracts is the threat of having to pay sizable attorney’s fees. Accordingly, limiting the fees reduces the leverage consumers have against their insurance companies. This is an important subject.

From time to time, I will reproduce in my blog letters and articles written by other people. I am reproducing here a letter on the subject of fees written by my good friend and superb South Florida lawyer Cris Evan Boyar. The letter was published in the April 1, 2012 issue of The Florida Bar News:

Don’t Cap Fees
For 100 years our Legislature recognized that unless something was done to level the playing field between the insurer and their policyholders, the insurers could deny claim after claim with impunity. Recognizing the unfairness of the system that forces Floridians to buy PIP coverage and the financial disparity between the insurer and its policyholders, the Legislature enacted a law that sanctions the insurer by forcing the insurer to pay their policyholders’ attorneys’ fees if the policyholder prevails. These legal fees are paid only if there is a determination the insurance company wrongfully denied the claim.
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scales.jpgSome 80 years ago in Florida, workers’ compensation was substituted for the personal injury system as the nearly exclusive remedy for employees seeking compensation from employers for workplace accidents. The idea was that workers should not have to establish fault, a basic element of every personal injury case, in order to be compensated. In exchange for this valuable concession, employers were relieved from having to pay non-economic damages, broadly referred to as pain and suffering. In its original form, this quid pro quo was fair.

The quid pro quo is fair no longer. Through years of Republican rule – beginning with Governor Jeb Bush, in concert with right-wing dominated legislatures – the once equal quid pro quo balance has given way to a one-sided workers’ compensation system strongly favoring employers and their insurance carriers over injured workers.

See these blogs to understand the imbalance:

Due to the gross imbalance, accident lawyers must always consider ways to overcome the workers’ compensation immunity granted to employers. Unfortunately, the option is rarely available.

The known ways of overcoming the immunity have been:

  1. If an employer fails to have workers’ compensation coverage in place. See Florida Statute Section 440.11(a)
  2. An employer commits an intentional tort that causes the injury or death. See Section 440.11(b)
  3. Estoppel. The employer denies that the accident occurred in the course and scope of employment. See Byerley v. Citrus Publ’g, Inc., 725 So.2d 1230 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)

As of March 21, 2012, there may be a fourth way.
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calculator.jpgObviously, medical records are important for many reasons. They do not come without a price.

Florida Statute Section 456.057 is titled “Ownership and Control of Patient Records; Report or Copies of Records to be Furnished,” and it defines the owner of medical records as the health care practitioner who generates a medical record after essentially performing an examination of a patient. The owners sell copies of their records to those who request them.

The cost of copies is controlled by 456.057 and Rule 64B8-10.003 of the Florida Administrative Code. A plain reading of Rule 64B8-10.003 makes it clear that the cost of medical records is determined by the status of the person making the request.
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dollars.jpgThe Huns are at it again.

Not satisfied with controlling the Governor’s Office (Tea Party darling Rick Scott) and the Florida Legislature (both chambers have large Republican majorities), the US Chamber of Commerce and its right-wing allies are mounting a campaign to unseat three moderate Florida Supreme Court Justices. If the Justices are unseated and Rick Scott chooses their replacements, any hope that the poor, the injured, the forgotten, the voiceless, the defenseless and the damned have of receiving a fair shake will be vanquished. The three seats of our state government – Executive, Legislative, and the Courts – will be in the hands of the Huns. Shudder the thought!

Every six years, Florida’s Supreme Court Justices are subject to a “yes” or “no” merit retention vote by the general electorate. No Supreme Court Justice has ever been voted out of office. However, no Justice has faced what Justices R. Fred Lewis, Barbara J. Pariente, and Peggy A. Quince will be facing in the coming months in the lead up to their merit retention votes in November, 2012.
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worker.jpgPeople harmed in accidents by the negligence of others often have available to them other sources, such as private insurance and governmental programs, to provide lost wages and medical benefits while they wait to be compensated by the tortfeasors (at-fault parties) for their losses. Florida Statute 768.76 calls these other sources collateral sources.

768.76(1) permits a tortfeasor an offset in the amount of any collateral source of indemnity and medical benefit unless the source of indemnity has a right of subrogation. In other words, if the recipient of the collateral source benefits does not have to repay the providers, the tortfeasor does not have to pay for them.

The reasoning behind this principle, known as the Collateral Source Rule, is to prevent victims from receiving a windfall.
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surgery.jpgWith all of the talk in the country about right-wing legislation mandating transvaginal ultrasounds for woman seeking abortions, another transvaginal issue is coming to light as placing woman at risk of injury and death.

In recent years,Johnson & Johnson, C.R. Bard, Caldera and numerous other manufacturers have encouraged doctors to use the placement of surgical mesh through the vagina to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Unfortunately, the mesh, once considered an advancement in medical care, appears to be fraught with problems.
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